For each market, there is a set of oracle inputs used for marking assets when computing margin and liquidations. This data is posted onchain for transparency and available via the public REST API. This data is provided by Block Scholes.

Associated with each feed is a confidence score which ranges between 0 (low confidence) and 1 (high confidence). Confidence scores are used to calculate oracle contingencies for both Standard Margin and Portfolio Margin accounts.

Implied Volatility

The implied volatility for each strike in a given expiry is obtained from a (raw) Stochastic Volatility Inspired (SVI) curve. Such a surface is characterised by 5 parameters. The implied volatility (IV) for a given strike is given by

IV = sqrt((a + b * (rho * (k - m) + sqrt((k - m)**2 + e**2))) / tau)

Where:

• a, b, rho, m, e are parameters supplied by the data feed.
• k = log(K / forward) is the (natural) log moneyness of the given strike K.
• tau is time to expiry (in years).
• Spot is the spot price of the underlying base asset.

For large and near 0 strikes K, the minimum and maximum values of the log moneynessk is bounded between k_min and k_max where:

• k_min = - MIN_SCALE * sqrt(a + b * sigma)
• k_max = MAX_SCALE * sqrt(a + b * sigma)

and (MIN_SCALE, MAX_SCALE) = (4,4).

In other words:

• if k > k_max, set k = k_max and
• if k < k_min, set k = k_min.

Essentially, the SVI curve flattens out past strikes 4 standard deviations (using ATM total implied volatility) away from the current spot.

Further, note that the maximum total implied volatility and total implied variance are capped to, respectively:

• MAX_TOTAL_VOL = 24.0
• MAX_TOTAL_VAR = 144.0